The morphology, life history, behavior, habitat, distribution, phenology, larval foodplant associations and conservation status of the adult and early stages of all the six known Callioratis species, including two new species C. mayeri spec. nov. and C. curlei spec. nov., are detailed.  A historical review is presented of the previously published literature dealing with the subfamily and the genus.  Species currently regarded as belonging to the subfamily Diptychinae are listed and the status of the subfamily is discussed.  The existence of a secondary larval foodplant in some species is demonstrated and discussed.